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Parker Hannifin Corporation
Tube Fittings Division
Columbus, Ohio
4300 Catalog
Appendix
Glossary
Fitting:
A connector or closure for fluid power lines and
passages.
Flare Test:
A test applied to tubing, involving a tapered
expansion over a cone, in order to verify tube ductility and
resistance to cracking during flaring operation.
Flaring:
Forming an outward acute-angle flange on a tubular
part.
Flash Point:
The temperature to which a liquid must be heated
to form a mixture with air that can be ignited momentarily by a
flame.
Flow:
Movement of fluid generated by pressure differences.
Flow, Laminar:
A flow situation in which fluid moves in parallel
lamina or streamlined layers.
Flow Lines:
A fiber pattern, frequently observed in wrought
metal, which indicates the manner in which the metal flowed
during forming.
Flow Rate:
The volume, mass or weight of a fluid passing
through any conductor per unit of time.
Flow, Turbulent:
A flow situation in which the fluid particles
move in a random fluctuation manner. This is generally caused
by too high fluid velocity.
Fluid Friction:
Friction due to the viscosity of the fluid.
Fluid Power System:
A system that transmits and controls
power through the use of a pressurized fluid within an enclosed
circuit.
FluorocarbonRubber:
An elastomericmaterial which is exten-
sively used for O-ring. Fluorocarbon (Viton) is recommended
for higher temperatures than nitrile (Buna N) material.
Flux:
In brazing, cutting, soldering or welding, material used to
dissolve or facilitate the removal of oxides and other undesir-
able substances.
Folds:
Defects in metals, usually on or near the surface caused
by continued fabrication of overlapping surfaces.
Forgeabiltiy:
Term used to describe the relative ability of
materials to deform without rupture.
Forging:
Plastically deforming metal, usually hot, into desired
shapes with compressive force, with or without dies.
Forging Die:
A forging whose shape is determined by impres-
sions in specially prepared dies.
Free Machining:
Denotes the machining characteristics of an
alloy to which one or more ingredients have been introduced to
produce small broken chips, lower power consumption, better
surface finish and longer tool life.
Galling:
Localized welding on mating surfaces of metal parts
caused from excessive friction developed during the rubbing
action that occurs during assembly.
GalvanicCorrosion:
Corrosion resulting fromtheplacingof two
dissimilar metals in direct contact with each other then exposing
them to an incompatible fluid or atmosphere.
Hammer, Liquid:
Pressure and depression waves created
by relatively rapid flow changes and transmitted through the
system.
Handy Flux:
Handy Flux is a trademark of the Handy &
Harman Company.
Hardening:
Increasing the hardness of a material by suitable
treatment, usually involving heating and rapid cooling.
Hardness:
Resistance of a material to scratching, abrasion,
cutting or deformation.
Head, Pressure:
The pressure due to the height of a column
or body of fluid.
Heading:
Se
Hot Finishing/Hot Forming:
Adeformationoperationperformed
at elevated temperature, usually above the recrystallization
temperature of the metal.
Hydraulic Power:
Power derived from flow rate and pressure
differential of the fluid.
Hydraulics:
Engineering science pertaining to liquid pressure
and flow.
Hydrogen Embrittlement:
A condition of low ductility in metals
resulting from the absorption of hydrogen.
Hydropneumatics:
Engineering science pertaining to the
combination of hydraulic and pneumatic fluid power.
Impact Test:
A single blow to determine the behavior of mate-
rials when subjected to high rates of loading, usually sudden
and in the bending, tension or torsion mode. Charpy or Izod
tests are typically used to measure materials’ impact energy
characteristics.
Inclusions:
Nonmetallic materials in solid metallic matrix.
Intergranular Corrosion:
A preferential corrosive attack at the
grain boundaries of a metal.
LB2000:
Registered Trademark of ITW.
Lubricant:
Any substance used to reduce friction between two
surfaces which are in contact.
MPG 2:
Registered Trademark of Dubois Chemical Inc.
Machinability:
The relative ease of machining a metal.
Machining:
Removing material, in the form of chips, fromwork,
usually through the use of a machine.
Malleability:
The characteristic of metals that permits plastic
deformation in compression without rupture.
Mandrel:
(1) A metal bar around which other metal may be cast
bent, formed, or shaped. (2) A rod used to retain the cavity in
hollow metal products during working.
Mechanical Properties:
The properties of a material that
reveal its elastic and inelastic behavior under the application
of force, thus indicating the material’s suitability for mechanical
applications. Examples of such properties are: tensile strength,
elongation, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, reduction in
area and fatigue limit.
Microhardness:
The hardness of microscopic areas or of the
individual microconstituents in a metal.
Microstructure:
The structure of polished and etched metals
as revealed by a microscope at a magnification greater than
ten diameters.
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